On International Women’s Day, March 8, 2023, the Economist Impact organization released a white paper titled Sex, Gender and the Brain: Towards an Inclusive Research Agenda. This report, commissioned by the Women’s Brain Project, explores how females have often been excluded from brain disease studies to the detriment of the research and the health of women. The white paper makes a strong case for increased investment in sex and gender-inclusive brain research—both to improve public health and to mitigate the economic burdens, lost productivity, and social costs associated with brain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and migraine.